TUGHLAQ DYNASTY | Indian history [short notes for UPSC]

GHIASUDDIN TUGHLAQ (1320 AD-1325 AD)-

  • GHIASUDDIN TUGHLAQ GOT THE THRONE ON 8TH SEPTEMBER 1320 AD.
  • HIS ACTUAL NAME WAS GHAZI MALIK OR TUGHLAQ GHAZI.
  • HE WAS THE FOUNDER OF TUGHLAQ DYNASTY.
  • HE RULED FROM 1320- 1325 AD.
  • HE SUCCESSFULLY DEFENDS 29 MONGOL INVASIONS.
  • HE WAS THE GOVERNOR OF MULTAN AND DIPALPUR.
  • HE REFUSED TO RECOGNISE KHUSRAU KAHAN AS SULTAN OF DELHI.
  • HE FOUNDED TUGHLUQABAD.
  • HE CONSTRUCTED WELLS AND CANALS FOR IRRIGATION.
  • HE WAS DIED IN 1325 AD DUE TO COLLAPSE OF WOODEN PALACE MADE FOR HIS WELCOME BY HIS SON JAUNA KHAN IN AFGANPUR NEAR DELHI.

MUHAMMAD BIN TUGHLAQ (1325 AD-1351 AD)-

  • MUHAMMAD BIN TUGHLUQ GOT THE THRONE IN 1325 AD.
  • HIS ACTUAL NAME WAS JAUNA KHAN.
  • HE WAS THE MOST ELIGIBLE, SCHOLAR AND EDUCATED AMOUNG THE DELHI SULTANS.
  • HIS TEACHER WAS MAULANA GHIASUDDIN.
  • HIS SULTANATE WAS DIVIDED INTO 23 PROVINCES.
  • HE INCREASED THE REVENUE IN DOAB AREA.
  • HE ESTABLISHED DIWAN-I-KOHI DEPARTMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
  • HE APPOINTED HIS COUSIN FEROZ TUGHLUQ AS NAYAB BARBAK.
  • HE SHIFTED HIS CAPITAL FROM DELHI TON DEVGIRI (AT PRESENT IN MAHARASTRA).
  • HE RENAMED DEVGIRI AS DAULATABAD.
  • HE RESHIFTED HIS CAPITAL FROM DAULATABAD TO DELHI IN 1335 AD.
  • IBN BATTUTA A TRAVELLER FROM MORROCO VISITED INDIA DURING HIS REIGN.
  • HE APPOINTED IBN BATTUTA AS THE KAZI OF DELHI.
  • VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1336 AD DURING THE REIGN.
  • HE WAS DIED IN 1351 AD.

FEROZ SHAH TUGHLAQ (1351 AD- 1388 AD)-

  • HE WAS THE SUCCESSOR OF MUHAMMAD BIN TUGHLAQ.
  • HE GOT THE THRONE IN 1351 AD.
  • HE WAS THE COUSIN OF MUHAMMAD BIN TUGHLAQ.
  • HIS FATHER WAS RAJJAB AND HIS MOTHER WAS BIBI JAULA OR NAILA (DAUGHTER OF RAJPUT NOBLE RANA MAL).
  • HE DESTROYED THE JAGANNATH TEMPLE AT PURI (ODISHA) IN 1360 AD.
  • HE DESTROYED THE JWALAMUKHI TEMPLE AT NAGARKOT IN 1361 AD.
  • HE ABOLISHED 24 TYPES OF TAXES.
  • DURING HIS REIGN ONLY 4 TYPES OF TAXES WAS COLLECTED–

KHARAZ

KHUMS

JAZIYA

JAKAT

  • HE IMPOSED IRRIGATION TAX (10% OF PRODUCE) ON THE ADVICE OF ULAMAS.
  • HE CONTRUCTED 5 LONG CANALS FOR IRRIGATION.
  • HE ESTABLISHED 300 NEW CITIES AND 1200 GARDENS.
  • THE CITIES ESTABLISHED BY HIM WERE-

FEROZABAD

FATEHABAD

FEROZPUR

HISAR

JAUNPUR

  • THE ASHOKA’S INSCRIPTION OF TOPARA AND MEERUT WAS SHIFTED TO DELHI BY HIM.
  • HE ESTABLISHED EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGES.
  • HE PAID HIS SOLDIERS SALARY AS JAGIRS.
  • HE MADE ARMY’S POST HEREDITARY.
  • HE IMPOSED JAZIA TAX ON HINDUS.
  • HE CALLED HINDUS AS JIMMI.
  • HE ESTABLISHED 13 MADARSA AND MAKTABS.
  • DIWAN A BANDGAN DEPARTMENT WAS ESTABLISHED TO LOOKAFTER THE SLAVES.
  • FATUHAT-E-FEROZSHAHI WAS HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY WRITTEN BY HIM.
  • HE WAS DIED IN 1388 AD.

TUGHLAQ KHAN-II (SEPTEMBER 1388 AD- MARCH 1389 AD)-

  • TUGHLAQ KHAN WAS THE SON OF FATEH KHAN AND GRANDSON OF FEROZ SHAH TUGHLAQ.
  • ABU BAKR ASSASSINATED TUGHLAQ KHAN IN 1389 AD.

ABU BAKR SHAH (MARCH 1389 AD- AUGUST 1390 AD)-

  • HE WAS THE SON OF ZAFAR KHAN AND GRANDSON OF FEROZ SHAH TUGHLAQ.
  • HIS UNCLE WAS MUHAMMAD SHAH AND HE ALSO WISHED TO BE A SULTAN.
  • MUHAMMAD SHAH STRUGGLED AGAINST ABU BAKR TO GET THE THRONE BUT ABU BAKR SUCCEEDED IN GETTING THE THRONE.
  • HE BECAME THE RULER OF THE DELHI SULTANATE FROM MARCH 1389 AD- TO AUGUST 1390 AD.
  • ABU BAKR WAS DEFEATED AND IMPRISONED IN MEERUT BY MUHAMMAD SHAH WHERE HE DIED IN 1390 AD.

NASIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD SHAH-III (AUGUST 1390 AD- JANUARY 1394 AD)-

  • HE WAS THE SUCCESSOR OF ABU BAKR.
  • HE DEFEATED ABU BAKR IN AUGUST 1390 AD.
  • HE GOT THE THRONE IN 1390 AD.
  • HE DIED IN 1394 AD.

ALAUDDIN SIKANDAR SHAH (22 JANUARY 1394 AD-8 MARCH 1394 AD)-

  • HE WAS THE SUCCESSOR AND SON OF MUHAMMAD SHAH.
  • HE GOT THE THRONE ON 1st FEBUARY 1394 AD.
  • HE DIED DUE TO ILLNESS ON 8th MARCH 1394 AD.

NASIRUDDIN MAHMUD SHAH (1394 AD-1413 AD)-

  • HE WAS THE SON OF NASIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD SHAH-III.
  • HE WAS THE LAST SULTAN OF THE TUGHLAQ DYNASTY.
  • HE GOT THE THRONE IN 1394 AD.
  • HE WAS A SUCCESSOR OF ALAUDDIN SIKANDAR SHAH.
  • NASRAT KHAN CHALLENGED HIS SUCCESSION TO THE THRONE.
  • 3 YEARS OF SUCCESSION WAR STARTED BETWEEN NASRAT KHAN AND NASIRUDDIN MAHMUD AND ENDED IN 1397 AD.
  • DURING THE TIME OF THE SUCCESSION WAR NASRAT KHAN WAS RULED FROM FIROZABAD AND NASIRUDDIN MAHMUD RULED FROM DELHI.
  • HE DIED IN 1413 AD.