MARATHA EMPIRE-

SHIVAJI- 1674-1680 AD

EARLY LIFE-

• SHIVAJI WAS BORN IN 1627 AD IN SHIVNER FORT
• HIS FATHER WAS SHAHJI BHONSALE AND HER MOTHER WAS JIJABAI.
• SHIVAJI MARRIED WITH SAIBAI NIMBALKAR IN 1640 AD.
• SHAHJI GAVE JAGIR OF POONA TO SHIVAJI AND THEN HE JOINED THE SERVICE AT BIJAPUR STATE.
• SHIVAJI CORONATED ON 6th JUNE 1674 IN RAIGARH (MAHARASHTRA).
• HIS CORONATION WAS DONE BY BRAHMIN GANGA BHATT.
• GANGA BHATT DECLARED THAT SHIVAJI WAS A KSHTRIYA OF SISODIYA DYNASTY OF MEWAR.
• HE MADE HIS CAPITAL RAIGARH IN 1656 AD.
• KARNATAKA CAMPAIGN WAS THE LAST VICTORY CAMPAIGN OF SHIVAJI.
• MARATHI DICTIONARY COMPOSED BY RAGHUNATH PANDIT HANUMANT.
• TUKABAI MOHTE WAS SECOND WIFE OF SHAHJI BHONSALE.
• KOND DEV WAS THEGURU OF SHIVAJI.
• HIS SPIRITUAL GURU WAS SAMARTH RAMDAS.
• MARATHA RELIGION WAS RENDERED BY SAMARTH RAMDAS.
• SHIVAJI CONSTRUCTED 240 FORTS.
• SHIVAJI WAS DIED IN 3rd APRIL 1680 AD AT THE AGE OF 50.

ADMINISTRATION-

• SHIVAJI MADE MARATHI AS OFFICIAL LANGUAGE.
• LAND REVENUE WAS INCREASED FROM 33% TO 40%.
• SHIVAJI COLLECTED TWO TYPES OF TAXES CHAUTH AND SARDESHMUKHI.
• VILLAGE HEAD WAS KNOWN AS PATEL OR PATIL.
• KATHI SCALE WAS USED BY SHIVAJI TO MEASURE LAND.
• PESHWA’S SECRETARIAT WAS SITUATED AT POONA.

BATTLES, VICTORIES AND TREATIES-

• THE FIRST BATTLE OF SHIVAJI WITH MUGHALS WAS HELD IN 1657 AD.
• TORAN FORT WAS THE FIRST FORT CAPTURED BY SHIVAJI IN 1646 AT THE AGE OF 16.
• AFZAL KHAN WAS KILLED BY SHIVAJI IN 1659 AD BY USING A WEAPON KNOWN AS BAGH NAKH.
• SHIVAJI LOOTED SURAT FOR FIRST TIME IN 1664 AD.
• THE TREATY OF PURANDER WAS HELD BETWEEN MAHARAJA JAISINGH AND SHIVAJI IN 1665 AD.
• SHIVAJI LOOTED SURAT FOR SECOND TIME IN 1670 AD.
• AFZAL KHAN WAS ARMY COMMANDER OF BIJAPUR PRINCELY STATE.

TITLES-

• AURANGZEB GAVE THE TITLE OF RAJA TO SHIVAJI.
• SHIVAJI HOLD THE TITLE OF HAINDVARDHMODHARAK.

SHIVAJI’S SUCCESSORS-

SHAMBHAJI-

• SHAMBHAJI WAS SUCCESSOR OF SHIVAJI.
• SHAMBHAJI WAS KILLED BY AURANGZEB IN 1689 AD IN BAHADURGARH.
• SHAMBHAJI’S WIFE YASUBAI AND HIS SON SHAHU WAS IMPRISIONED BY MUGHALS IN RAIGARH.

RAJARAM-

• RAJARAM BECAME CORONATED IN 1689 AD AS NEW CHATRAPATI.
• RAJARAM MADE SATARA HIS SECOND CAPITAL.
• RAJARAM DIED IN 1700 AD DUE TO STRUGGLING WITH MUGHALS.
• RAJARAM’S WIDOW TARABAI RULED IN BEHALF OF HIS 4 YEAR SON SHIVAJI-II.

SHAHU-

• SHAHU WAS FREED BY PRINCE AZAM IN 1707 AD, HE RETURNED TO MAHARASHTRA. HE WAS THE SON OF SHAMBHAJI.
• THE BATTLE OF KHEDA (SUCCESSION WAR) IN 1707 AD WAS HELD BETWEEN SHAHU AND TARABAI.
• SHAHU WON THE BATTLE OF KHEDA.
• HE CORONATED HIMSELF IN SATARA IN 1708 AD.

PREVIOUS PESHWA-

BALAJI VISHWANATH (1713-1720 AD)-

• IN THE LEADERSHIP OF SHAHU PESHWA’S STARTED THE NEW MARATHA IMPERIALISM.
• PESHWA’S WERE THE PRIME MINISTERS OF MARATHA STATE.
• SHAHU APPOINTED BALAJI VISHWANATH AS PESHWA IN 1713 AD.
• THE POST OF PESHWA WAS HEREDITARY AFTER BALAJI VISHWANATH.

BAJIRAO-I (1720-1740 AD)-

• BALAJI VISHWANATH DIED IN 1720 AD AND THE NEXT PESHWA WAS BAJIRAO-I.
• THE BATTLE OA PALKHEDA WAS FOUGHT BETWEEN BAJIRAO-I AND NIZAMULMULK, NIZAM WAS DEFEATED.
• BAJIRAO-I WAS THE FIRST PESHWA WHO ATTACKED ON DELHI IN 1737 AD.
• BAJIRAO-I WAS POPULAR DUE TO HE HAD A RELATIONSHIP WITH A LADY NAMED MASTANI.
• BAJIRAO-I DIED IN 1740 AD.

BALAJI BAJIRAO (1740-1761 AD)-

• BALAJI BAJIRAO BECAME THE NEW PESHWA IN 1740 AD.
• BALAJI BAJIRAO ALSO KNOWN AS NANA SAHIB.
• IN THE THIRD BATTLE OF PANIPAT IN 1761 AD THE MARATHA POWER WAS CRUSHED, BALAJI BAJIRAO WAS NOT BEAR THIS AND DIED IN 1761 AD.

MADHAVRAO-I (1761-1772 AD)-

• MADHAVRAO NARAYAN-I BECAME THE NEW PESHWA IN 1761 AD.
• HE TRIED TO RECOVER THE EARLIER REPUTATION OF MARATHAS.
• HE REINSTALLED MUGHAL EMPEROR SHAH ALAM-II TO DELHI’S THRONE.
• HE DIED IN 1772 DUE TO TUBERCULOSIS.

NARAYAN RAO (1772-73) AD-

• PESHWA NARAYAN RAO (1772-73) AD WAS KILLED BY HIS ULKLE RAGHUNATH RAO.
• NARAYAN RAO WAS ASSASSINATED IN SHANIWARWADA (POONA).

RAGHUNATH RAO- (1773-1774 AD)-

• RAGHUNATH RAO WAS ALSO KNOWN AS RAGHOBA.

MAHADEV RAO-II (1774-1796 AD)-

• APPOINTED PESHWA AS AN INFANT AND MARATHA GENERALS WORK AS HIS REGENTS.
• IN THIS PERIOD NANA PHADNIS WAS THE MOST INFLUENTIAL MINISTER.

BAJIRAO-II (1796-1802 AD)- FIRST REIGN

• HE BECAME THE PESHWA WITH THE HELP OF THE BRITISH.

AMRUT RAO (1802-1803 AD)- APPOINTED AS PESHWA BY YASHWANT RAO HOLKAR.

BAJIRAO-II (1803-1818 AD)– SECOND REIGN

• BAJIRAO-II SON OF RAGHOBA WAS THE LAST PESHWA.
• BRITISH SENT TO BITHUR NEAR KANPUR.

NANA SAHIB (1851-1857 AD)-

• HE WAS THE ADOPTED SON OF BAJIRAO-II.
• HE WAS THE PRETENDER OF PESHWA.

SHIVAJI’S ASTAPRADHAN MINISTERS COUNCIL-