HOLIDAY HOMEWORK FOR CLASS 9

CLASS IX

  1. SHOW THE FOLLOWING ON THE OUTLINE MAP OF THE WORLD- GERMANY ITLAY JAPAN, USA, USSR, FRANCE BRITAIN.
  2. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON ESTATE SYSTEM IN FRANCE.
  3. WRITE ABOUT PLATE TECTONIC THEORY.
  4. WRITE ABOUT DEMOCRACY, MONARCHY AND DICTATORSHIP AND IN WHICH COUNTRIES  THESE POLITICAL SYSTEM EXISTS.
  5. WHY WE USE THESE LONGITUDES ON THE GLOBE, STANDARD MERIDIAN OF INDIA AND PRIME MERIDIAN.  (CCT BASED qUESTION)
  6. Read the given information and answer the following questions. (CCT BASED qUESTION)

Mahatma Gandhi and their Movements

Mahatma Gandhi ‘Father of the Nation’ is also known as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was born on 2 October, 1869 Porbandar, Gujarat, India. Gandhi ji got married to the Kasturba Makhanji at the age of just 13 years. He had played an important role in India’s freedom struggle.

Before discussing major movements of Mahatma Gandhi let us see some work of Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa.

  • In 1906-07, Mahatma Gandhi started a Satyagraha in South Africa against the compulsory registration and passes for Indians.
  • In 1910, he announced Satyagraha against emigration and restriction in Natal (South-Africa).

Some influences on the carrier of Mahatma Gandhi

  • His socio-cultural background especially the impact of Vaishnav Movement.
  • Bhagvat Gita impact.
  • Impact of Bible.
  • John Ruskin’s text ‘Un to the Last’.
  • Impact of Emerson Thoreau
  • Impact of Leo Tolstoy

On 9 January 1915, Mahatma Gandhi returned back to India from South-Africa at the age of approx 46. After that he travelled in different parts of India to understand the situation of India. In 1916, he founded the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad (Gujarat) to preach the idea.

Major movements of Mahatma Gandhi are as follows:

  1. Champaran Satyagraha (1917): In Champaran district of Bihar the condition of Indigo cultivators became miserable under Tinkathiya system. Under this system the cultivators were forced to cultivate Indigo on the best 3/20th part of their land and were forced to sell them at a cheaper price. The situation for the farmers became worse due to harsh weather conditions and levy of heavy taxes. Then, Rajkumar Shukla met Mahatma Gandhi at Lucknow and invited him.

At Champaran, Mahatma Gandhi adopted the approach of civil disobedience movement and launched demonstrations and strikes against the landlords. As a result, the government set up a Champaran agrarian committee of which Gandhi ji was also one of the members. All the demands of the cultivators were accepted and the Satyagraha was successful.

  • Kheda Satyagraha (1917 -1918): A no-tax campaign was started by Mohan Lal Pandey in 1917 who demanded the remission of taxes due to poor harvest or crop failure in Kheda village, Gujarat. Mahatma Gandhi was invited and he joined the movement on 22 March, 1918. There, he started

Satyagraha. The movement was also joined by Vallabhbhai Patel and Indulal Yagnik. Finally, the demands were fulfilled by the British government and it was successful.

  • Khilafat Movement (1919): Khilafat movement was started by the Ali brothers to show the protest against unjust done with the Turkey after the First World War. Under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi the movement was launched against the British government to restore the collapsing status of the Caliph in Turkey. All India Conference was held in Delhi where Mahatma Gandhi was elected as a president. He also returned the medals received from the British Empire in South Africa. The success of the Khilafat movement made him the national leader.
  • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920): Non-Cooperation movement was launched in 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi due to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Mahatma Gandhi thought that this will continue and Britishers will enjoy their control over Indians. With the help of Congress, Gandhi ji convinced people for starting non-cooperation movement in a peaceful way which is key factor to attain independence. He framed the concept of Swaraj and it became a crucial element in the Indian freedom struggle. The movement gained momentum and people started boycotting the products and establishments of British government like schools, colleges, government offices. But due to Chauri Chaura incident, Mahatma Gandhi ended the movement because in this incident 23 police officials were killed.
  • Civil-Disobedience Movement (1930): Mahatma Gandhi in March 1930 addressed the nation in a newspaper, Young India and expressed his willingness to suspend the movement if his eleven demands get accepted by the government. But the government at that time was of Lord Irwin and he did not respond back to him. As a result, Mahatma Gandhi initiated the movement with full vigour.
  • Quit India Movement (1942): Mahatma Gandhi launches Quit India movement on 8 August, 1942 during Second World War to drive British rule out of India. In the movement Mahatma Gandhi delivered ‘Do or Die’ speech. As a result the entire members of Indian National Congress were arrested by the British officials and imprisoned them without trial. But the protest continued across the nation. By the end of World War II, British government cleared that they will hand over the powers to India. Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement which results in the release of thousands of prisoners.

Therefore, these are the major movements that led by Mahatma Gandhi and helped India in attaining freedom from the British rule or colonial rule.

  • Dandi march or salt march- He started the movement with Dandi March from 12 March to 6 April, 1930. Mahatma Gandhi along with his followers marched from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi in Nausari District, Ahmedabad on the sea coast and broke the salt law by making salt on 6 April, 1930. Under this movement student left college and government servant resigned from the office. Boycott foreign clothes, communal burning of foreign clothes, non-payment of government taxes, women stage Dharna at the government liquor shop etc. In 1930, the Lord Irwin’s Government called for a Round Table Conference in London and Indian National Conference refused to take part in it. So, to make sure that Congress participates in conference he signed a pact with Mahatma Gandhi in 1931. It was known as Gandhi-Irwin Pact. It focuses on the release of all the political prisoners and cancellation of the oppressive laws.

Read the passage above and answer the following questions.

Q1. On which date Gandhiji returned back to India from South Africa?

Q2. In which movement Gandhiji gave the slogan “do or die”?

Q3. What is the reason for called of the Non Cooperation movement by Gandhiji?

Q4. In which city the Sabarmati Ashram is located? Q5. Who started the no tax campaign in Kheda Gujrat?