What is Indus civilization ? [short notes for UPSC]

Time period– 2350 bc to 1750 bc (by carbon dating technique)

Area–

Manda dist. Akhnoor jammu and kashmir (north),

Daimabad dist. Ahmed nagar maharastra (south),

Alamgir dist. Meerut uttar pradesh (east),

Sutkagandor baluchistan (west)

Discovered by– archeaologist roybahadur dayaram sahni.

Ancient name- meluha

Matriarchal- civilisation

Sacred animal- one horned humped bull

Found in mohendaro–

Great bath

Large granary

Found well developed-

Cities

Drainage system

Roads

Garments used-

Cotton

Woollen

They worshiped-

Land (goddess of fertility)

Trees

Shiva

Transportation vechiles–

Two wheller bullock cart

Four wheller bullock cart

Metals used–

Gold

Silver

Copper

Bronze

Iron(it was not discovered by harappans)

Entertaining activities–

Fish catching

Hunting, bird

Animal fighting

Choupad game

Main cities–

Mohendaro

Harappa

Dhaulavira

Kalibangan

Ganvariwala

Rakhigadi

Lothal (port city)

Main crops–

Wheat

Rice

Barley

  • The main reason for the destruction of this civilisation was floods.

Main sites of indus valley civilization–

S. No.PlaceYearMain excavatorNearby riverPresent location
1Harappa1921Dayaram sahni & madhoswarup vatsaRaawiMontgomri dist. Pakistan
2Mohendaro1922Rakhaldas benerjeeIndusLarkana dist. Pakistan
3Sutkagandor1927Aurel stainDashk 
4Chanhudaro1931Gopal majumdarIndusSind, pakistan
5Kotdiji1953Fazal ahmedIndusSind
6Kalibangan1953Brijvasi lal & b. K. ThaparGhagharGanganagar, rajasthan, india
7Ropad1953Yagya dutt sharmaSatlujRopad, punjab, india
8Rangpur1953-54Rangnath raoMadarKathiawad, gujrat, india
9Lothal1957Rangnath raoBhogwaAhemdabad, gujrat, india
10Alamgir1958Yagya dutt sharmaHindunMeerut, up, india
11Vanmali1974Ravindra singh visthaRangoiHisar, haryana, india

409 thoughts on “What is Indus civilization ? [short notes for UPSC]”

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